Essay on Freedom and Satan in John Milton’s Paradise Lost

Freedom and Satan in Paradise Lost Satans primary operational problem in Paradise Lost is his lack of obedience. The fundamental misunderstanding which leads to Satans disobedience is his separation of free will from Gods hierarchical power. In the angel Raphaels account, Satan tells his dominions, Orders and Degrees/Jarr not with liberty (5.792-93). Tempting as this differentiation seems, Satan is mistaken. Free will and hierarchical power are not mutually exclusive, as Satan suggests, but overlapping concepts. Even though Satan has been created with sufficient freedom to choose to disobey, he tacitly acknowledges Gods sovereignty when he exercises his choice. Satan is constrained existentially, from the outset, by†¦show more content†¦But if Satan does only what God wants, there is no external proof that Satan indeed had exercised his will. Satan cannot be content with mere assent that looks like blind obedience. Dissent, on the other hand, is absolute proof of Satans individual will being realized over aga inst Gods will. Satans intent seems to be to prove the existence of his will rather than, as God wants, to prove the independently good content of his will. By dissent, Satan shows himself to be more concerned with himself than with God, with the appearance of free will than with its real content. Here is the second major constraint under which Satan lies: as a rule, he only recognizes that part of himself which is disobedient. This constraint, unlike the one natural to Satans will, is self-imposed. Satans pride further constrains him. Because he is able to prove his freedom via dissent, and because he has ignored the fact that his free will comes from God, Satan thinks (or at least tells the angels before his own fall) that all heavenly beings including God are Equally free (5.792). Focused on his own freedom, Satan cannot understand that God has even more freedom than he. When confronted with the hegemonic power of the Son, then, Satan believes that new Laws have been imposed, that God has changed the rules (5.679-80). But this is not a new constraint; it is merely a new formulation of the Godhead. According to Raphael, Satan thinks that to acknowledge the Son would be toShow MoreRelatedTheodicy in John Miltons Paradise Lost792 Words   |  3 PagesJohn Miltons theodicy in Paradise Lost is an attempt to justify the ways of God to men. Many ask how God could let someone as innocent as a child die in a horrible way. How could a God that is all loving and all powerful let something like that happen? He answers this using the fall of Mankind as the trigger point. Cordelia Zukerman and Thomas H. Luxon, The dominance of these themes comes from the fact that Milton is writing about the first humans on earth, humans who have no history and no wayRead MoreResearch Paper: Paradise Lost1888 Words   |  8 PagesParadise Lost -John Milton- John Milton  (9 December 1608  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ 8 November 1674) was an English poet,  polemicist,  man of letters, and a civil servant for the Commonwealth of England  under  Oliver Cromwell. He wrote at a time of religious flux and political upheaval, and is best known for his  epic poem  Paradise Lost  (1667), written in  blank verse. Miltons poetry and prose reflect deep personal convictions, a passion for freedom and self-determination, and the urgent issues and politicalRead MoreJohn Milton s Paradise Lost 1328 Words   |  6 PagesRobert Mezian Professor Mylander English 589 14 November 2016 Paradise Lost Essay In his epic poem titled Paradise Lost, John Milton describes his work as a process to justify â€Å"the ways of God to men†. In terms of the personal and individual, Milton’s main concern was between a man’s relationship and God. With this, comes the very idea of free will itself. One can define free will as the ability and freedom to choose between different possible courses of action. Not only is free will portrayed inRead More Christianity and Greek Epic Tradition as Devices for Miltons Object in Paradise Lost2719 Words   |  11 PagesChristianity and Greek Epic Tradition as Devices for Miltons Object in Paradise Lost The widely known story of the Genesis account in the Bible of the creation and fall of humankind does not make for a very interesting story. Almost anyone familiar with Western tradition can provide at least this basic outline: God makes angels, the best angel wants to be God, the angel gets kicked out of Heaven into Hell, goes to the garden of Eden, persuades Eve to eat an apple, and down plunges humanityRead MoreParadise Lost By John Milton997 Words   |  4 PagesIn John Milton’s poem, Paradise Lost, written out were twelve books that mainly focused on Adam and Eve. The plot essentially focuses on the defiance that Adam and Eve have created due to Satan’s persuasive manner to destroy humankind. In book four, Milton introduces the creation of man. The Bible states, â€Å"the LORD God formed the man of dust from the ground† (The Holy Bible (ESV), Genesis. 2.7). The name of God’s creation is Adam. After contemplation, God realizes man shall not be alone. This isRead More The Character of Yolanda Garcia in How the Garcia Girls Lost Their Accents and !Yo!2539 Words   |  11 PagesThe Character of Yolanda Garcia in How the Garcia Girls Lost Their Accents and !Yo!  Ã‚        Ã‚  Ã‚   Julia Alvarez develops the character of Yolanda Garcia in some different and similar ways in her two books How the Garcia Girls Lost Their Accents and its sequel !Yo!. The reasons for the differences in the two characterizations of Yolanda is that there is almost no continuity concerning her character in the two books-meaning that all the specific details of Yolandas life given to the reader in theRead MoreFrankenstein Study Guide14107 Words   |  57 Pagesbetter-known poems and books Shelley refers to in the novel, such as Wordsworth’s â€Å"Lines Composed a Few Miles Above Tintern Abbey,† Percy Shelley’s â€Å"Mutability,† Coleridge’s The Rime of the Ancient Mariner, Goethe’s Sorrows of Young Werter, Milton’s Paradise Lost, and Plutarch’s Parallel Lives. Also include literature guides that contain summaries of these works. Bookmark the pages where each work is discussed. Encourage students to browse and spot-rea d in these books. Suggest that they note each allusion

The Dual Nature of Man in Young Goodman Brown Essay

The Dual Nature of Man in Young Goodman Brown In Young Goodman Brown, Hawthorne tells the story of one man’s loss of faith in the human race. As Goodman Brown travels into the woods one night, he is sees the innermost secrets and desires of the people he once placed upon a pedestal. He sees that humans are evil by nature, and this causes him to lose faith in his fellow man. By viewing the story as an allegory, the journey into the woods is associated with the Puritan concept of justification. The Puritans viewed justification, or the means by which one receives the salvation of Christ, as a psychological journey into the hell (or evil) of the self (Soler). Goodman Brown fails to complete his process of individuation because†¦show more content†¦The Apollonian nature of the human seeks to express itself through representations and illusions (such as art), which was regarded as vulgar to the Puritans. The Dionysian seeks to express itself through the performing arts (such as song or dance) (Foster 63-64). Th is was seen as sinful (one may recall the Salem witch-hunt was started when children were caught dancing in the woods). Brown, growing up Puritan, would have had both of these basic human instincts suppressed. This suggests that something must have brought forth the need for these instincts to express themselves. The marriage of Brown and Faith may have brought these issues forward in his unconscious - or maybe even conscious - mind. Marriage would have â€Å"qualified† Brown to enter the communion of sinners through the sexual nature of the marriage bed. Sexual desires for his wife would have challenged Brown, because of the belief that sex was necessary only for reproduction – not pleasure (Male 78). Sexual desires are associated to the Dionysian (Foster 64). To handle the conflict between faith and desire, Brown would have to come to terms with them, thus introducing the Apollonian instinct of individuation. Brown’s journey into the woods is his journey of individuation, as he must come to terms with the dark desires of his id. For the Puritans, the dark woods are a symbol of mistrust of their own corrupt hearts and faculties (this is also an archetypal symbol), which directlyShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Novel Young Goodman Brown By Nathaniel Hawthorne879 Words   |  4 PagesIn the story † Young Goodman Brown† by Nathaniel Hawthorne, the author demonstrates the ideas of the dual nature of man, which represented by the character Goodman Brown. He is a religious man who left his wife; Faith, behind to travel into the wood where a devil ceremony is takes place. The allegory of the story is that the innocence of a man can easily be corrupted if that person is not truly believes in his religion. Although, Goodman Brown is innocent, he also a devil himself by following devilRead More Morality and Hawthornes Young Goodman Brown Essay1146 Words   |  5 P agesYoung Goodman Brown was published in 1835, when Nathaniel Hawthorne was 31 years old. Hawthorne was born and reared in Salem, Massachusetts, a village still permeated by its 17th century Puritanism. When he was four, Hawthornes father   died, and from that point on he was surrounded mostly by females: two sisters, a maiden aunt, and a retiring mother who was not close to her children. He had little contact with his deceased fathers family, but his maternal relatives were supportive and saw toRead More Losing Faith Young Goodman Brown Essay1017 Words   |  5 PagesLosing Faith Young Goodman Brown Throughout the short story Young Goodman Brown, written by Nathaniel Hawthorne the main character is searching for Faith in what appears to be an increasingly corrupt world. Faith takes on a double meaning in this story, for Faith is used both as the name of Young Goodman Browns pretty young wife and the spiritual devotion of Young Goodman Brown to the Puritan Faith. The dual usage of Faith in this short story, along with its theme of devil worship amongst PuritanRead More Ambiguity and Uncertainty in Hawthornes Young Goodman Brown1512 Words   |  7 PagesAmbiguity and Uncertainty in Young Goodman Brown   Ã‚  Ã‚   In Young Goodman Brown, Nathaniel Hawthorne, through the use of deceptive imagery, creates a sense of uncertainty that illuminates the theme of mans inability to operate within a framework of moral absolutism.   Within every man there is an innate difference between good and evil and Hawthornes deliberate use of ambiguity mirrors this complexity of human nature. Hawthornes Young Goodman Brown, is misled by believing in the perfectibilityRead MoreCastle 1. The Dual (Good And Evil) Sides Of Human Nature.1066 Words   |  5 PagesCastle 1 The Dual (Good and Evil) Sides of Human Nature ENGL 102: Composition and Literature Spring B 2017 Teresa Castle, L26467226 APA Castle 2 Outline THESIS: In their individual short stories Young Goodman Brown,† by Nathaniel Hawthorne and The Rocking-Horse Winner by D. H. Lawrence are more different than similar but â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† and â€Å"The Rocking Horse Winner† use the setting, characterization, and symbolism to depict the reasoning of acting morally or immorally. I. The settingsRead MoreThe Man Of The Crowd And Ligeia By Edgar Allen Poe1726 Words   |  7 PagesIn Edgar Allen Poe’s, â€Å"The Man of the Crowd† and â€Å"Ligeia†, and Nathaniel Hawthorne’s, â€Å"Young Goodman Brown,† there is a constant presence of darkness throughout each text. The darkness displayed in these works allude to the ongoing theme of the ambiguity of sin. Both authors, Poe and Hawthorne, are considered to be Dark Romantics because they both center their works around the conflict between good and evil in every individual and showcase the dark side of human nature. In using elements from DarkRead MoreYoung Goodman Brown Analysis876 Words   |  4 PagesHawthorne’s story, â€Å"Young Goodman Brown,† appears to be a story about original sin with a lot of symbolism tied in to make it an allegory. An allegory is a story that can be interpreted in different ways to find the hidden meaning behind the symbolism in the stor y. The three things focused on throughout the short story is Faith, the forest that Goodman Brown takes his journey through, and the staff, which the old man who leads Goodman Brown on his way carries. The short story, â€Å"Young Goodman Brown,† uses severalRead MoreComparing Young Goodman Brown And Child By Tiger1597 Words   |  7 Pages Comparison of â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† and â€Å"Child by Tiger† ENGL 102: Literature and Composition FALL C 2017 Jennifer Person L29216090 MLA Thesis: â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† by Nathaniel Hawthorne and â€Å"The Child by Tiger† by Thomas Wolfe are two short stories written to portray people struggle with society. Although the two stories were set in two different cultures and time periods they are similar in their religion and faith. In these two stories their belief systems are challengedRead MoreIdentity vs Society1047 Words   |  5 Pagesstory â€Å"Young Goodman Brown,† by Nathaniel Hawthorne, shows how society persuades us throughout our lives and the power between good and evil in a community. â€Å"Conscious of the guilty purpose† (7) conveyed Brown to devote himself to the devil because the rest of the town did also. The community’s fail to stay loyal to God shows how weak and persuasive an entire community can be, even as an individual. According to Davon Ferrara’s personal analysis based on â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† called â€Å"The Dual NatureRead MoreThe Black C at, By Edgar Allan Poe1240 Words   |  5 Pagesshort story â€Å"The Black Cat† and Nathaniel Hawthorne’s â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† feature allegorical representations of characters deceiving themselves in order to deny the darker aspects of their inner selves. In Poe’s â€Å"The Black Cat,† the narrator denies the darker aspects of his soul by abstracting his horrific actions with spectral evidence in order to externalize the psychological effects of his guilt. In his allegorical tale â€Å"Young Goodman Brown,† Hawthorne criticizes the Puritan doctrine of grace

Strategy and Management Methodology and Design

Question: Discuss about the Strategy and Management for Methodology and Design. Answer: Business Research Topic The research title/topic for this research study is to explore the role of accounting software in maintaining the financial efficiency and accuracy of the banks and financial institutes: in the context of the Australia banking industry. Today, many kinds of accounting software such as, Reckon, MYOB Xero and others software are used by the financial institutions and banking firms to maintain the financial efficiency and accuracy of their financial or business activities. This business research would analyze different kinds of accounting software used by the banks and financial institutes in Australia to maintain their financial and business operations efficiency and accuracy. In this research, Australian banking industry will be targeted through selected banks and financial institutes those using accounting software to provide e-banking and e-commerce services to the customers. This research study will be beneficial for banks and financial institutes to improve their banking services by offering online, secure, time efficient, offering an innovative and seamless experience of customers. Literature Review According to Duncan Elliott (2004), in the past decade, after the development of e-commerce and internet banking, security related accounting issues and other accuracy related problems are faced by the banks and financial organizations. So, in order to avoid such issues, Australian banks and financial institutions are using accounting software to improve the financial efficiency and accuracy of the financial activities. For case, such organizations use the accounting software like Xero for supplying financial services (Xero Limited, 2014). Al-Hawari Ward (2006) stated that, in the Australia banking industry, different kinds of accounting software such as MYOB, Xero, Reckon, and others are utilized by the banks and financial institutes to maintain their bank accounts, credit or debit cards transactions, and feed frequency that helped them in maintaining the financial efficiency and accuracy of the financial or business activities. In addition, different financial organizations in the Australia are using MYOB (Australias leading accounting software) that provides transactions option of the customers directly feed into MYOBs cloud accounting software as well as BankLink Practice (Chowdhury, 2016). The entire transaction process occurs online, secure, time efficient, offering an innovative and seamless client experience as well as maintain the financial efficiency and transactions accuracy for the banks and financial institutions. The research questions help the researchers to identify research problems or opportunity related to research topic. The following are the main research questions that indicated the problem and opportunity exist in this research study that would help the researcher to accomplish the research objectives: Why the most of the banks and financial institutes uses accounting software in the Australia? What are the advantages or benefits of using computerized accounting software for the banks and financial organizations? How the computerized accounting software improves banks feeds time and financial efficiency of the banks and financial institutes? What are the ways used to improve accuracy and efficiency of the financial services? Research Methodologies and Techniques This research methodology section describes different methods, approaches, tools and techniques in order to complete a research study with proper justification of selection. This selected research problem is solved by applying the qualitative and quantitative research design such as by collecting the primary and secondary data or information regarding the research topic (Mackey and Gass, 2015). The primary data is collected through conducting questionnaire survey on employees and managers of banks and financial institutes and secondary data collects through conducting literature review. Research Process Description A research is conducted by using systematic process that helps the researcher to gather multitude of information, so that they can reach the conclusion by accomplishing research objectives. The following are the main steps of this research process: Step first: Identify the problem: The first step of business research process is identifying a business problem and that will be solved by researcher through collecting the multitude of information. The researcher is also develops research questions in this step to identify problem or opportunity (Jonker and Pennink, 2010). Step second: Literature review: In this step, the researcher collects the secondary data or information by collecting information about the different views of authors or scholars. This step plays a key role in developing the foundational knowledge about the problem area, so the researcher can be able to reach realistic outcome or conclusion of the study (Flick, 2015). In addition, the researcher finds several articles and information from the scholars, books or published sources, banks official sites or annual reports, and other authentic online sites. Step third: Clarify the problem, clearly define concepts or methods and define population: After the literature has been reviewed, the researcher will clarify the research problem and narrowing the scope of the research project. This section clearly defines the research methods, approaches, designs and data collection methods used by the researcher to fulfill the aims and objectives of the study. In this way, it provides direction to the researcher to complete the research study with accomplish the aim and objectives (Bergh and Ketchen, 2009). Step fourth: Data collection and analysis: This section of the research mainly focus on collecting and analyzing the data or information by using primary and secondary sources to identify the solution of this research problem. Data Collection Data Analysis The data or information would be collected by using primary and secondary methods such as a mixed of qualitative and quantitative research design methods in this study. Moreover, Random sampling is used to select the employees and managers of banks and financial institutes in order to collect their views on accounting software role in maintaining the financial efficiency and accuracy of business. Moreover, limited amount of data would be collected; therefore the statistics data analysis techniques would not applied in this research (Silverman, 2016). Description of Expected Research Outcomes: The expected outcomes pointed that accounting software improve banks feeds and provide secure and safe financial services to the customers that helps banks or financial organizations to maintain their accuracy or efficiency. Accounting software links the banks and financial institutes with their all branches, employees and customers that enhance transparency, efficiency and accuracy of financial transaction and financial services (Al-Hawari and Ward, 2006). References Al-Hawari, M. and Ward, T. (2006). The effect of automated service quality on Australian banks' financial performance and the mediating role of customer satisfaction. Marketing Intelligence Planning, 24(2), pp. 127-147. Bergh, D. and Ketchen, D. (2009). Research Methodology in Strategy and Management. United Kingdom: Emerald Group Publishing. Chowdhury, S. (2016). MYOB partners with American Express to deliver an accounting software industry first. Available At: https://www.myob.com/au/blog/myob-partners-with-american-express-to-deliver-an-accounting-software-industry-first/ {Accessed On: 08 Sept 2016}. Duncan, E. and Elliott, G. (2004). Efficiency, customer service and financial performance among Australian financial institutions. International Journal of bank marketing, 22(5), pp. 319-342. Flick, U. (2015). Introducing research methodology: A beginner's guide to doing a research project. USA: Sage. Jonker, B. and Pennink, B. (2010). The Essence of Research Methodology: A Concise Guide for Master and PhD Students in Management Science. Germany: Springer. Mackey, A. and Gass, S. M. (2015). Second language research: Methodology and design. UK: Routledge. Silverman, D. (2016). Qualitative research. USA: Sage. Xero Limited. (2014). Australian banks and financial institutions supplying direct feeds to Xero. Available At: https://help.xero.com/DirectFeeds-AU{Accessed On: 08 Sept 2016}.

Jack Worthing, as the Image of Englishman of Victorian Epoch, in The Importance of Being Earnest by Oscar Wilde

Introduction The Importance of Being Earnest is the famous play by Oscar Wilde, an outstanding English play-writer. The play was highly appreciated by the public and reviewers. Due to its involved plot and a good sense of humor, the play continues to attract a numerous audience at the theatres all over the world.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Jack Worthing, as the Image of Englishman of Victorian Epoch, in The Importance of Being Earnest by Oscar Wilde specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The aim of this essay is to analyze Jack Worthing, one of the main characters of the play, which the author represented as the typical wealthy Englishman of Victorian epoch. The Fabricated Story John Worthing is the young wealthy gentleman, the owner of a big country mansion. We first meet Jack, as his friends call him, at the London apartment of Algernon Moncrieff, Jack’s best friend. Both friends tired of their ordinary l ife and created the stories about themselves. Algernon says to Jack, â€Å"You have invented a very useful younger brother called Ernest, in order that you may be able to come up to town as often as you like.   I have invented an invaluable permanent invalid called Bunbury, in order that I may be able to go down into the country whenever I choose† (Wilde n.pag.). Jack and Gwendolen At the time when the friends are talking how the things are and sneering at their life, Lady Braknell and Gwendolen, her beautiful daughter, enter the room. Jack and Gwendolen are in love with each other. However, she does not know his real story. Besides, she has always said that her dream is to marry a man named Ernest (Wilde n.pag.). Algernon says that the way Jack flirts with Gwendolen is â€Å"perfectly disgraceful and that  it is almost as bad as the way Gwendolen flirts with him† (Wilde n.pag.). However, the fabricated story prevents Jack’s intention to marry Gwendolen. Lad y Bracknell said that she will not give her daughter in marriage to someone without a family. Jack and Lady Bracknell Probably, the discussion of Lady Bracknell and Jack is one of the most interesting and amusing episodes in the play. From this discussion, we get to know that Jack is twenty-nine years old; he has â€Å"a country house with some land, attached to it, about fifteen hundred acres† and that he lost his parents and does not know a lot about them (Wilde n.pag.). Lady Bracknell also asked him about his political convictions.Advertising Looking for essay on british literature? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More â€Å"Lady Bracknell. What are your politics? Jack.   Well, I am afraid I really have none.   I am a Liberal Unionist Lady Bracknell.   Oh, they count as Tories.   They dine with us.   Or come in the evening, at any rate.  Ã¢â‚¬ (Wilde n.pag.). At the end of the play, the true stories of Jack and Algernon uncover. Nevertheless, Gwendolen agree to marry Jack. Incidentally, it turns out that Jack’s real name is John Ernest. The name was given to him after his father who he had never known. The Main Traits of the Character Witness, respectability and quick mind are the brightest traits of Jack’s character. Despite the conventionalities, Jack shows his good sense of humor and independent outlook. Although he created the false story about himself, he is hardly described as a dishonest man. We know from his dialogue with Lady Bracknell that he does not hide his views, though they are not in his favor sometimes. The idea to create a fabricated story about his life rather shows his desire to take a rest from the conventionalities of the haut monde. Conclusion In order to sum up all above mentioned, it should be said that Jack Worthing is one of the main characters of The Importance of Being Earnest play by Oscar Wilde. He represents the typical Englishman of upper social class of the Victorian epoch; his witness and cleverness make him one of the brightest male characters in Oscar Wilde’s drama. The independence of views characterizes him as a man not used to the conventionalities of the his time. Works Cited Wilde, Oscar 2006, The Importance of Being Earnest. Web. http://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/844?msg=welcome_strangerAdvertising We will write a custom essay sample on Jack Worthing, as the Image of Englishman of Victorian Epoch, in The Importance of Being Earnest by Oscar Wilde specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This essay on Jack Worthing, as the Image of Englishman of Victorian Epoch, in The Importance of Being Earnest by Oscar Wilde was written and submitted by user Brynn Hebert to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Bpr at Ford Motor Company, India Essays

Bpr at Ford Motor Company, India Essays Bpr at Ford Motor Company, India Paper Bpr at Ford Motor Company, India Paper CHALLENGE: need for business process reengineering in Ford Motor Company Ford Motor Company is the world’s second largest manufacturer of cars and trucks with products sold in more than 200 markets. The company employs nearly 400,000 people worldwide, and has grown to offer consumers eight of the world’s most recognizable automotive brands. CHALLENGE With inherent large-scale growth issues, more demanding customers, and mounting cost pressures, Ford needed to transform from a linear, top-down bureaucratic business model to an Internet ready, nimble organization that engages and integrates customers, suppliers, and employees. SOLUTION Working with Cisco, Ford integrated and leveraged their supplier base by designing Covisint, an end-to-end infrastructure that enables an online, centralized marketplace connecting the automotive industry supply chain. Ford also enhanced the customer buying experience through redesigned and more user friendly Web sites. RESULTS Ford is enjoying an increase in customer satisfaction, sees huge revenue opportunities for developing and retaining loyal product advocates, and has taken both complexity and cost out of the supply chain. BUSINESS PROCESS REENGINEERING Business process reengineering (BPR) is a management approach aiming at improvements by means of elevating efficiency and effectiveness of the processes that exist within and across organizations. The key to BPR is for organizations to look at their business processes from a clean slate perspective and determine how they can best construct these processes to improve how they conduct business. Michael Hammer, the management expert who initiated the reengineering movement, defines reengineering as â€Å"the fundamental rethinking and redesign of business processes to achieve dramatic improvements in critical, contemporary measures of performance, such as cost, quality, service, and speed. It uses many of the tools just discussed to achieve these goals. It is a redesign and reorganization of business activities that results from questioning the status quo. It seeks to fulfill specific objectives and can lead to breakthrough improvement. It is often associated with significant cultural and technological changes. Methodology of reengineering 1. Envision new processes 1. Secure management support 2. Identify reengineering opportunities 3. Identify enabling technologies 4. Align with corporate strategy 2. Initiating change 1. Set up reengineering team 2. Outline performance goals 3. Process diagnosis 1. Describe existing processes 2. Uncover pathologies in existing processes 4. Process redesign 1. Develop alternative process scenarios 2. Develop new process design 3. Design HR architecture . Select IT platform 5. Develop overall blueprint and gather feedback 5. Reconstruction 1. Develop/install IT solution 2. Establish process changes 6. Process monitoring 1. Performance measurement, including time, quality, cost, IT performance 2. Link to continuous improvement In the early 1980s, when the American automotive industry was in a depression, Ford’s top management put accounts payable- along with many other departme nts- under the microscope in search of ways to cut costs. Accounts payable in North America alone employed more than 500 people. Ford was enthusiastic about its plan to tighten accounts payable- until it looked at Mazda. While Ford was aspiring to a 400-person department, Mazda’s accounts payable organization consisted of a total of 5 people. The difference in absolute numbers was astounding, and even after adjusting for Mazda’s smaller size, Ford figured that its accounts payable organization was five times the size it should be. The Ford team knew better than to attribute the discrepancy to calisthenics, company songs, or low interest rates. THE EXISTING SYSTEM First, managers analyzed the existing system. When Ford’s purchasing department wrote a purchasers order, it sent a copy of the receiving document to accounts payable. Meanwhile, the vendor sent an invoice to accounts payable. It was up to accounts payable, then, to match the purchase order against the receiving document and the invoice. If they matched, the department issued payment. The department spent most of its time on mismatches, instances where the purchase order, receiving document, and invoice disagreed. In these cases, an accounts payable clerk would investigate the discrepancy, hold up payment, generate document, and all in gum up the works. THE PROCESS FLOW CHART It was slow and cumbersome. More than 500 accounts payable clerks matched purchase orders, receiving documents and invoices and then issued payment. Mismatches were common. SYSTEM DRAWBACKS: The drawback in this system was that ford’s accounts payable organization was performed by so many people. The department spent most of its time on mismatches, instances where the purchase order, receiving document, and invoice disagreed. In these cases, an accounts payable clerk would investigate the discrepancy, hold up payment, generate document, and all in gum up the works. Its process was not efficient. SUGGESTED IMPROVEMENT The management thought that by rationalizing processes and installing new computer systems, it could reduce the head counts. One way to improve things might have been to help the accounts payable clerk investigate more efficiently, but a better choice was to prevent the mismatches in the first place. To this end, Ford instituted â€Å"invoiceless processing. † Now when the purchasing department initiates an order, it enters the information into an on-line database. It doesn’t send a copy of the purchase order to anyone. When the goods arrive at the receiving dock, the receiving clerk checks the database to see if they correspond to an outstanding purchase order. If so, he or she accepts them and enters the transaction into the computer system. (If receiving can’t find a database entry for the received goods, it simply returns the order. ) Under the old procedures, the accounting department had to match 14 data items between the receipt record, the purchase order, and the invoice before it could issue payment to the vendor. The new approach requires matching only three items- part number, unit of measure, and supplier code- between the purchase order and the receipt record. The matching is done automatically, and the computer prepares the check, which accounts payable sends to the vendor. There are no invoices to worry about since Ford has asked its vendors not to send them. Ford dint settle for the modest increases it first envisioned. It opted for radical change- and achieved improvement. FORD REENGINEERED THE PROCESS. NOW ITS FAST AND EFFICIENT The new process cuts head count in accounts payable by 75%, eliminates invoices and improves accuracy. Matching is computerized. CONCLUSION: Ford discovered that reengineering only the accounts payable department was futile. The appropriate focus of the effort was what might be called the goods acquisition process, which included purchasing and receiving as well as accounts payable. When Ford reengineering its payables, receiving clerks on the dock had to learn to use computer terminals to check shipments, and they had to make decisions about whether to accept the goods. Purchasing agents also had to assume new responsibilities-like making sure the purchase orders they entered into the databases had the correct information about where to send the check. Attitudes towards vendors also had to change: vendors could no longer be seen as adversaries; they had to become partners in a shared business process. Vendors too had to adjust. In many cases, invoices formed the basis of their accounting systems. At one ford supplier adapted by continuing to print invoices, but instead of sending them to Ford threw them away, reconciling cash received against invoices never sent.

Ecotourism in China Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Ecotourism in China - Term Paper Example Some of the core areas where ecotourism intends to operate are: facilitating environmental sustainability and ecological conservation of different types of habitats that may exist in a certain geographical region. In addition to this, ecotourism pre-dominantly accentuates upon the social aspects and dimensions of tourism, rather than focusing on acquiring commercial and monetary gains only. Different agendas and programs, which are launched and initiated under the banner of ecotourism policies, intend to launch schemes and awareness programs. By the help of these programs, they can educate and inform people at a massive level. This education looks at different ways through which people can play a proactive role in bettering their very own environment. At the same time, it also urges them to make efforts through which sustainable development of environment is possible. Case of Yixian valley and Ecotourism in China The Yixian Valley is located about 450 km from Shanghai, in the south o f Anhui Province and close to Huangshan. It’s famous for "Yellow Mountains", landscapes and pleasant weather. This valley is a member of the global network of UNESCO Geoparks. By the end of 2004, benefiting from very high investments, the region implemented 290 projects in eight key programs. These programs were aimed at the development of ecotourism, organic farming, and preservation of scenic beauty, energy enhancement, water work industry, development planning and transport. The key selection criteria due to which Yixian has been selected, is the fact that it is one of those places in the country where some serious and high level efforts for the development of ecotourism have taken place in recent years. This place has also been a centre of ecotourism investment, even for... The paper describes some of the fundamental organizations which are playing a proactive part and role in ensuring the sustainability of ecotourism in China. An important company to mention in this context is Wild China. This company was founded in 2000 by entrepreneur Zhang Mei, a Chinese native of Yunnan Province, who was educated in the United States. The company decided to help the government of the province to develop its tourist economy while preserving the beauty of places and cultures. Since its founding, Wild China is naturally oriented towards ecotourism. It started by organizing custom tours for individual travelers and has always proposed routes outside areas traditionally popular with mass tourism. It deliberately started its operations in the western provinces, such as Qinghai and Gansu, where no one was operational in 2000. At that time, all agencies were facing east, the most developed region of China. From the very beginning, the company only worked with local guides, train and paying tourists. It was a revolution since many guides in China are poorly paid and are forced to pay commissions to stores from where they take groups. It also marketed on saving paper by printing brochures on recycled paper and refraining from using plastic in its operations. In places like Beijing, they tried to take tourists to areas less frequented and organized meals with the residents, as well as the traditional tai-chi workshops. Since then, that unique business proposition of Wild China has been copied! For them, the goal is not to "make China" but to meet Chinese people.

Enterprise in events Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 1

Enterprise in events - Essay Example There are also many theories that have come up and they are trying to discuss the real meaning of an entrepreneur. Reasons that have made it difficult to discuss this time is the fact like, why are some people able to start business while others cannot. Also what’s the reason why some businesses succeed while others selling the same products cannot? These are a few of the asked questions when defining who an entrepreneur is. However, this paper will focus on describing what an enterprise is. From the point of what is an enterprise, it will also discuss the possible theories that describing the meaning who is an entrepreneur. Finally this paper will also focus on the real meaning of entrepreneurship as from different literature reviews. Many people are currently managing very big enterprises. Most of these enterprises are successful and they are gaining a lot of profit from them. The main goal of every business is to gain profit. Before we talk about how this businesses are ran, it is important to describe what an enterprise is. From business point of view, enterprise is the measures that are used to encourage people on how to be good entrepreneurs. It also involve spotting ideas and looking for the best ways in which to transform these ideas into reality (King, 2002 p. 23). Therefore, it is important for every enterprise to ensure that profits are maximized. To achieve these goals, all forces of production have to be considered. These goals are achieved through entrepreneurs’ hard work and determination. However, entrepreneurs are the ones who make enterprises run. The big question is, â€Å"who are these entrepreneurs?† To describe who really is an entrepreneur, there are some factors that have to be considered first. There some approaches that can be used to describe an entrepreneur. One of the theories that can be used to describe entrepreneurs is the trait theory. This theory describes