Friday, September 6, 2019
The ideologies Essay Example for Free
The ideologies Essay The ideologies that dominated the westward expansion of the United States may have been embedded in the idea of â€Å"whiteness†. As an idea, whiteness was originally conceived in Europe as one of the major tools employed in the conquest of the third world countries an objective that was achieved via colonialism and slavery. The whiteness ideology has no biological basis and is a purely a social construction. Whiteness helped to create solidarity among the Europeans with the belief that whites are the superior race. Whiteness is also the ideology underlying racism, particularly when it is viewed from the perspective of the â€Å"white mans burden to colonise the savage†. Despite being flawed with prejudices and ideological errors, whiteness is still upheld as an infallible ideology by its supporters. It therefore forms an essential part of the methods adopted in the domination of other races. The westward expansion of the United States may have largely been informed by this idea of white supremacy . The oppression of native Americans and other minority groups is evident in American history whereby the whites utilised the whiteness ideology as effective forms of social control. Chaos, disorder and savagery are seen by whiteness ideologists as the very opposite of civilisation which the ideology-in their own perspective -stands for. In the Antebellum era the resulting violence, racism, prejudice, discrimination and oppression of the peoples of non-European descent were seen as justifiable by reason of the white supremacy ideology. Native Americans, original owners of much of the west were never considered as equals of their counterparts of European descent. Long before the arrival of the Europeans, the Indians were already settled in North America, this fact did very little to prevent their evacuation from their ancestral lands by the Europeans who were armed with the whiteness ideology and possessed the lands for themselves. The belief that it was expedient for the colonist, who were of European descent to civilise their â€Å"savage’ neighbours considering their â€Å"more intelligent make-up†lent a very strong helping hand to this cause. A replay of the colonisation of African territories was witnessed as the expansion continued, climaxing with the â€Å"Indian removal Act†which resulted in the resettling of Indians on reservations. Another ideology that may have informed Americas drive westward was the need for national security. The allegiance of most Indians to the British was an uncomfortable position for America who was still locked in a dispute with the British following the American Revolutionary Wars. Leaving the western lands unattended would probably have amounted to a weak point in the strategic defence of the United States. The Indian removal act as passed by congress in 1830 was one very important strategy adopted by the US government in its westward expansion . This policy empowered the President to sign relocation treaties with the Native American tribes. These relocations were almost always forcibly enforced as the natives were reluctant to move. Subsequent upon this policy native Americans were relocated to settlements . An assimilation policy was beginning to gain ground as against settlements in reservations with the sole aim of separating the natives from their traditional way of life in order to inculcate them into American cultural way of life. Furthermore some states, as a ploy to deny the scattered Indian resistance of support from Whites Sympathetic to their cause, banned non-Indian settlements on Indian lands. Bison was the major source of food for the Indians of the plains and as a strategy to quit them and take takeover their lands, people were encouraged by then President Jackson to hunt and kill as many Bison as possible so that being starved of food the Indians would move out on their own accord. America’s interest in New Mexico and Upper California led to a war with Mexico on a very flimsy excuse and America’s policy towards the native Indians and Mexico has continually evolved. At the moment assimilation as a policy is preferred over reservation following the Indian citizenship act of 1924. Many Native Indian tribes today have been assimilated into mainstream American culture and are at the granted federal recognition that entails their right to self government, sovereignty and self determination thereby sharing some privileges with the states with limitations however on issues bordering on foreign relations, external aggression and on the ability to mint and print currency. Heart diseases, alcoholism, diabetes etc are some modern physical health problems being suffered by Native Americans whose remote cause may have been the numerous ordeals they have been through over the years. On the whole the westward expansion of the United States has helped in largely defining core American values and civilization. Works Cited 1. For the Common Defence: A Military History of the United States of America (1994). Simon Schuster. ISBN:0-0292-1597-8.
Thursday, September 5, 2019
Pros And Cons Of Media Globalization Media Essay
Pros And Cons Of Media Globalization Media Essay Globalisation and its impacts have constituted one of the latest buzz words of today. It could be seen on the streets in any part of the world through the global reach of the Adidas sport shoes brand or the McDonalds fast-food chain, in our everyday media consumption through global media coverage of events such as the recent uproar in Egypt, terrorist actions such as the 911 and celebrity events such as the royal marriage of Prince Williams and Kate Middleton. According to David Held and Anthony McGrew, globalisation denotes the expanding scale, growing magnitude, speeding up and deepening impact of transcontinental flows and patterns of social interaction. It refers to a shift or transformation in the scale of human organization that links distant communities and expands the reach of power relations across the worlds regions and continents. (Held and McGrew, 2002, p.1) The subject of media globalisation is primarily concerned with the domination of the global media industry by a small number of powerful transnational media conglomerates, and the extent to which these impact upon the worldviews of individuals in different parts of the world. Media have a central place in processes of globalisation for three reasons. Firstly, media corporations have been among those corporations that have been increasingly globalizing their operations. Secondly, media organizations help to develop the global communications infrastructure that facilitates global information flows and cross-border commercial activities. Lastly, global media are the principal means through which we make sense of events in distant places, and the information and images that they carry are central to the development of shared systems of meanings and understanding across borders. (Flew, 2007, p. 70-72) With the radical critique of global media being associated with strong globalisation arguments, globalisation is seen as the dominant force in media industries currently, notwithstanding counter-trends and localized forms of resistance. (Flew, 2007, p. 72) Cultural, Political and Economic Implications of Media Globalisation Pros of Media Globalisation The growth in global markets has helped to promote efficiency through competition and the division of labour the specialization that allows people and economies to focus on what they do best. Global markets also offer greater opportunity for people to tap into more diversified and larger markets around the world. It means that they can have access to more capital, technology, cheaper imports and larger export markets. The extensive reach of globalisation extends to daily choices of personal, economic and political life. For instance, greater access to modern technologies, in the world of health care, could make the difference between life and death. In communications, it would facilitate commerce and education, and allow access to independent media. Globalisation can also create a framework for cooperation among nations on a range of non-economic issues that have cross-border implications, such as immigration, the environment and legal issues. Simultaneously, the influx of foreign goods, services and capital in a country can create incentives and demands for strengthening the education system, as a countrys citizens recognise the competitive challenge before them. A core element of globalisation is the expansion of world trade through the elimination or reduction of trade barriers, such as import tariffs. Greater imports offer consumers a wider variety of goods at lower prices, while providing strong incentives for domestic industries to remain competitive. Exports, often a source of economic growth for developing nations, stimulate job creation as industries sell beyond their borders. The media industries have an innate tendency towards concentration of ownership and control, and that this tendency has been extended since the 1980s from the national to the global scale. Herman and McChesney (1997, p.1) argued that since the early 1980s there has been a dramatic restructuring of national media markets, along with the emergence of a genuinely global commercial media market. The principal consequence of such developments has been, as McChesney and Schiller argue, that a transnational corporate-commercial communication began to be crafted and a new structural logic put in placeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ [as] communicationsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ became a subject to transnational corporate-commercial development (McChesney and Schiller, 2003, p.6). McChesney has noted a focus upon the relationship between media globalisation and the concentration and centralisation of media ownership, and the interconnected nature of these two processes. The trend towards a global media oligopoly hastened in the 1980s and 1990s, for dominant media firms to seek international expansion in order to ensure their presence in a range of media markets and by concentration of ownership within media industries and the expansion of connections across media industries through the growth of multinational, cross-media conglomerates such as Disney, News Corporation etc. Cons of Media Globalisation Critical media theorists have always been concerned with tendencies towards concentration of media ownership and their impact upon politics, society and culture, and the impact of media globalisation led by Western transnational media corporations. Herbert Schiller argued that the current stage of the US-dominated global capitalism was one where what he termed the entertainment, communications and information (ECI) industries had achieved economic preeminence; their influence was enacted not only in the political-economic sphere but upon global culture and consciousness; and the result was a form of cultural imperialism, whereby the ideas and ideologies of the dominant West (particularly in the United States) exerted hegemony over the populations of the rest of the world. The radical critique of global media associated with critical political economy has experienced a resurgence of interest in recent years. The proposition that media ownership worldwide is subject to growing concentration, leading to reduced competition and increasingly homogenous media content worldwide. Edward Herman and Robert McChesney have argued that theà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ global media system is dominated by three or four dozen large transnational corporations (TNCs) with fewer than ten mostly U.S-based media conglomerates towering over the global market (Herman and McChesney, 1997, p.1). This has often been taken as a given starting point for understanding the nature of global media today, and is routinely repeated by critics for globalisation (Flew, 2007, p.73). For instance, Manfred Steger (2003, p.76) argues that to a very large extent, the global cultural flows of our times are generated and directed by global media empires that rely on powerful communication technologies to spread their messageà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ During the last two decades, a small group of very large TNCs have come to dominate the global market for entertainment, news, television, and film.
Wednesday, September 4, 2019
History Of Kosovo Essay -- essays research papers
The Balance of Power Theory and It’s Application to Kosovo                          Ideas are the corner-stones of International Relations and Diplomacy. These ideas are often titled theories, a term that grants the ideas a certain degree of credibility in application, though they remain theories; they cannot be proved., only applied intelligently in hopes of arriving at the correct conclusion. One theory concerning the Balance of Power (BOP) falls under the Neo-Realist analysis of conflict within the International system. This Essay will attempt to apply this theory, somewhat retroactively to the situation in Bosnia and more specifically, to that in Kosovo. Retroactively, because the essay will principally examine how these theories can be applied to the history of the Kosovo conflict, dating to the present. Secondly, it will undertake to detail the current situation in that region in these same terms, providing an accurate description of the status quo. Finally, the Balance of Power Theory will be employed in a prospective manner, to offer a so lution to the situation in terms of actually creating a balance of power within the country of Bosnia.      Outline: I. Definitions of Terms for the Purpose of this Essay      A. Neo Realism      B. Balance of Power Theory (BOP)      C. Power Transition (PT) II. Retroactive Application of Theory      A. History of Kosovo Situation      B. How BOP/PT Theory Explains Kosovo Conflict III. Immediate Application of Theory      A. How Status Quo is Represented by BOP Theory IV. Prospective Application of Theory      A. What Actual Balance of Power may lead to Peace in the Region V. Conclusion I. A. Neo-Realism      Neo-Realism is one of the schools of thought in International Relations theory. It is a sub-school of Realism, which originated in the aftermath of World War II. Realists tended to blame the Second World War on Liberals and their failure to deter the fascist powers that initiated that war. Some of their specific criticisms include these principles:   &n... ... sees the concurrence of Serbian longing for Kosovo, and their longtime friend Israel’s feeling for their Holy land.      The Balance of Power theory, however, does not allow for emotional rationalization when discussing war and politics. The final peace will depend on the power held by each party as the war ends. Serbia had, in 1995 presented a plan for peace in a magazine which passed unnoticed by the rest of the world. In it, they proposed to have a buffer zone free of ethnic Albanians. The buffer zone would lie between Albania and Kosovo-Metohia, which would effectively end the mutual ethnic cleansing, and act as a sort of containment solution. The implementation of this plan however is far from realization, since the war continues to rage. V. Conclusion      The situation in Kosovo, is a long and exciting study of the Theories on Balance of Power, and its role in peace keeping. Unfortunately, the theory has been more of a method for analyzing the patterns of war in the region. It will take some measure of inequality to end this war. It is currently too much an equality of military forces for either side to emerge victorious.
Tuesday, September 3, 2019
The Byronic Hero Essay -- essays research papers
A hero proves his heroism when faced with opposition. He is shrewd, tough, clear-sighted, experienced, and able to handle adversity in a well equipped manner. However, unlike most heroes, the Byronic hero does not receive satisfaction simply from possessing these traits. The Byronic hero sees himself as an individual who practices non conformity. He is a hero of consciousness more than a hero of action. These qualities of the Byronic hero are demonstrated in Lord Byron’s description of Napoleon. Byron begins his description in Stanza 36. He points out that Napoleon is â€Å"Extreme in all things!†I believe that this trait means that the Byronic hero is neither to the left nor the right, but eternally caught in the middle of both worlds. Stanza 38 goes on to say, â€Å"Oh, more or less than man-in high or low, Battling with nations, flying from the field; Now making monarchs’ necks thy footstool, now More than they meanest soldier taught to yield; An empire thou couldest crush, command, rebuild, But govern not thy pettiest passion, nor, However deeply in men’s spirits skill’d, Look through thine own, nor curb the lust of war, Nor learn that tempted Fate will leave the loftiest star.†I believe that Lord Byron is saying that Napoleon can crush any nation, only to rebuild it again, and he can win any war, and have control over thousands of men. It is the war within himself that he has no control over, that he is not able to crush. Lines 339-342 are referring to the ... The Byronic Hero Essay -- essays research papers A hero proves his heroism when faced with opposition. He is shrewd, tough, clear-sighted, experienced, and able to handle adversity in a well equipped manner. However, unlike most heroes, the Byronic hero does not receive satisfaction simply from possessing these traits. The Byronic hero sees himself as an individual who practices non conformity. He is a hero of consciousness more than a hero of action. These qualities of the Byronic hero are demonstrated in Lord Byron’s description of Napoleon. Byron begins his description in Stanza 36. He points out that Napoleon is â€Å"Extreme in all things!†I believe that this trait means that the Byronic hero is neither to the left nor the right, but eternally caught in the middle of both worlds. Stanza 38 goes on to say, â€Å"Oh, more or less than man-in high or low, Battling with nations, flying from the field; Now making monarchs’ necks thy footstool, now More than they meanest soldier taught to yield; An empire thou couldest crush, command, rebuild, But govern not thy pettiest passion, nor, However deeply in men’s spirits skill’d, Look through thine own, nor curb the lust of war, Nor learn that tempted Fate will leave the loftiest star.†I believe that Lord Byron is saying that Napoleon can crush any nation, only to rebuild it again, and he can win any war, and have control over thousands of men. It is the war within himself that he has no control over, that he is not able to crush. Lines 339-342 are referring to the ...
Monday, September 2, 2019
The Servant Leader Essay -- Isaiah, Jesus Christ
Leadership! What is it that truly distinguishes one as a leader? Is it leadership style or possessing certain skills and abilities to lead? Is it one’s character or is it one’s ability to develop and resolve complex strategies? Are leaders born or are they made? Warren G. Bennis, an American scholar, Distinguished Professor of Business Administration, and Founding Chairman of The Leadership Institute at the University of Southern California once said: The most dangerous leadership myth is that leaders are born -- that there is a genetic factor to leadership. This myth asserts that people simply either have certain charismatic qualities or not. That's nonsense; in fact, the opposite is true. Leaders are made rather than born. (ThinkExist.com, â€Å"Quotes by Warren G. Bennis on Leadership.†http://thinkexist.com/quotes/warren_g._bennis/. Here in America our entire Armed Forces is built on the premise that leaders are made. As well, many of America’s Fortune 500 corporations believe that leaders are made as evidenced by their annual expenditures on countless resources developing leadership training materials and holding training and development seminars, all in hope of creating the â€Å"à ¼ber†leader. Notwithstanding the quest, what the past two years have confirmed for us, as history has repeatedly revealed to us, man’s understanding of leadership and God’s design of leadership vastly differ. At the heart of man’s leadership and at the head of man’s leadership is himself and as a result man’s leadership ultimately leads to failure. This failure in human leadership is not without consequences and humankind, in her despair and hopelessness, rebels against God. In direct contrast, God’s design for leadership begins and ends wit... ...ity,†http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/person-personality. The Greek Bible Study Online: Read, Word Study, Translate, â€Å"Paraklete,†http://www.greekbiblestudy.org/gnt/main.do. NOTES Burrell, Dan, Dr. DSMN 605 Class Notes, Lesson 4. Lynchburg, VA: Liberty University. (APA Style - Merriam-Webster's collegiate dictionary (11th ed.). (2005). Springfield, MA: Merriam-Webster. Song of Roland. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, [1959]. 9. Tim Lynch, DS9 Trials and Tribble-ations Review, 1996, [online], available from http://www.bradley.edu/campusorg/psiphi/DS9/ep/503r.html, 8 October 1997. B Lynch, Tim. DS9 Trials and Tribble-ations Review. 1996. [Online]. Available from http://www.bradley.edu/campusorg/psiphi/DS9/EP/503r.html. 8 October 1997.
Sunday, September 1, 2019
Ratio Analysis on Literature of Review Essay
I also declare that I have done my work sincerely and accurately even then if any mistake or error had kept in it, I request the readers to point out these errors and guide me to remove these errors in future. Presentation Incharge Signature of the Candidate Practical work experience is the integral part of individual learning. An individual who is learning managerial concepts has to undergo this practical experience for being a future executive. It is the result of various factors. Primarily because of rising cultivations of BT. cotton (Bacillus thuringnsis) and reduce the farmers input costs, while the yield as well as quality are substantially much larger compared to traditional varieties. In view of this development, the cotton cultivation acreage has been steadily going up in India. The farmers have become more knowledgeable to follow scientific methods to cultivate high yielding long staple cotton varieties. Besides individual mills are also simultaneously taking steps to improve the cotton production along with Technology Mission on cotton (TCM), the cotton development research Associations of organizations (CITI), South Indian Textiles Mills Association (SIMA) and Kerala State Textile Corporation (KSTC). The resultant factor is quality and quantity of raw material supply has substantially improved in the country. Due to globalization of our economy, the conscious of quality inputs and pricing have become competitive to the international standards and prices. Supply of quality raw material availability sources of raw material from major cotton exporting countries. Every organization is a deliberate and planned Endeavour of people whose common goal can be achieved through attainment of targets and goal by individual members in it. No organization can survive for long unless it takes care of prudent utilization of resources particularly human resources. In brief, good business is generally the result of good organization which can emerge only if it consists of good people who work together as a team. The textile industry occupies a unique place in our country. One of the earliest to come into existence in India, it accounts for 14 per cent of the total industrial production, contributes to nearly 30 per cent of the total exports and is the second largest employment generator after agriculture. The Indian textile industry is one of the largest in the world with a massive raw material and textile-manufacturing base. Indian economy is largely dependent on the textile manufacturing and trade in addition to other major industries about 27 per cent of the exchange earning are on account of export of textiles and clothing alone. In India organized textile mill sector has increased from 1787 in 2003-04 to 1789 in 2004-05. During the year 2003-04 the production of yarn was 3051. 07 million kg and it had increased to 3220. 59 million kg in 2004-05. The number of workers worked in textiles mills during the year 9, 18,000. India has the second-largest yarn-spinning capacity in the world (after China), accounting for roughly 20 percent of the world’s spindle capacity. India’s spinning segment is fairly modernized; approximately 35 to 40 percent of India’s spindles are less than 10 years old. During 1989-98, India was the leading buyer of spinning machinery, accounting 2003-04 was 9,28,000 and it have decreased during the year 2004-05 was for 28 per cent of world shipments. India’s production of spun yarn is accounted for almost entirely by the organized mill sector, which includes 285 large. Man-made fibers, wool and silk segment grew by modest 4. 5 per cent per annum during the 5-year period 2000-01 to 2005-06. During the first year of quota-free global trade, production increased leaps and bounds. Textiles production increased 10 per cent over 2004. The growth was fuelled by a 22 per cent rise in production of other textiles (including apparels). Cotton textile also posted an increase of nine percent. In the last six years, an estimated US$ 6. 7 billion has been invested in the textiles sector, aided by the Technology Up gradation Fund (TUF) scheme. The TUF scheme expires in March next year (2007) and the quotas on China will be lifted in 2008. Hence, companies will continue to add capacities over the next year. Also, according to CRISIL, the sector is likely to rise over US$ 3. 5 billion from the capital markets in the next few years. The cotton textile industry, one of the oldest and major consumer industries in India, has assumed national importance by virtue of size, investment, output and employment. The industry produces a wide range of fabrics to suit specific needs of consumers. Further, the cotton textile industry occupies a pre eminent place in the Indian economy by contributing a major share and to the countries industrial production and providing cloth to its millions. The industry also serves by providing direct employment to 60, 00,000 workers in several of its related activities. India is one of the largest textile producing countries in the world. The share of the industry in the export basket of India is around 20%. However, textile industry is vast developing sector and when the competitions are exorbitant especially in its design and quality we have to adopt modern technology management, machine so as to complete with other countries in the international market.
Southwest Airlines Organizational Culture
Southwest Airlines corporate philosophy can be credited to one of the founders Herb Kelleher. It is an airline company with a unique culture â€Å"goofiness†, which keeps the morale of its employees high (Smith, 2004), and is a company that welcomes fun, dedication, and effort. Southwest believes that a happy employee will create a happy customer, and will create loyal customers. Mr. Kelleher effectively implemented its style, culture and emphasis on quality in the daily actives at Southwest (Smith, 2004), and he did so without the help of outside consultants.The Airline was founded in 1971 by Herb Kelleher and Rollin King, and in the 1980’s nine years after Southwest was established they adopted a mission statement (Smith, 2004): â€Å"The mission of Southwest Airlines is dedication to the highest quality of Customer Service delivered with a sense of warmth, friendliness, individual pride, and company spirit†(â€Å"Mission & Vision†, 2011) . This mission statement also ties to their motto â€Å"We operate with a Warrior Spirit, a Servant’s Heart, and a Fun Luving Attitude (â€Å"Mission & Vision†, 2011).In order to accomplish this mission statement, the company is committed to their employees, by providing their employees a stable work environment with equal opportunity for learning and personal growth. Creativity and innovation are encouraged for improving the effectiveness of the airlines. Employees will especially be provided the same concern, respect, and caring attitude within the organization that they are expected to share externally with every customer (â€Å"Mission & Vision†, 2011).Based on my finding Southwest Airlines aligns their organization’s espoused values along with their enacted values, because they were developed from the leader’s values, beliefs, and assumptions about people and work (Quick, 1992). The actions of Mr. Kelleher in top management, has set the organizational norm s. It can be seen in Southwest’s three values humor, altruism, and â€Å"luv’. Humor is used as one of the hiring criteria, Southwest looks for people with certain attitudes, who aren’t so tight and restrictive, but with an up-beat attitude (Quick, 1992).Altruism is a corporate value that begins at the top and trickles downward (Quick, 1992). Southwest Airlines holds this value of great importance, because they believe in caring and giving to other people (Quick, 1992). Communication at Southwest is a key factor for its success as a company, and will remain that way for the future. It is with effective communication that Southwest Airlines has been able to provide guidelines that their employees are able to follow.At any job, job descriptions evidently describe responsibilities between employees and departments (Smith. 2004). But at Southwest their philosophy is shared goals, shared knowledge and mutual respect, with the expectation that each person’s jo b includes helping fellow colleagues with their work any time necessary (Smith, 2004). Good communications skills are critical to a business’s success, and Herb Kelleher is renowned as an effective communicator and has gained the trust of his employees through the years.Conflict is an important and useful part of communication, and can be a misconception in group communication, because it can often be viewed as bad and should be avoided. However, in the case of Southwest Airlines, it is a company who has an open door policy, â€Å"can do†and â€Å"let’s try problem solutions (Bunz & Maes, 1998). Employees are encouraged to generate ideas and then try them (Bunz & Maes, 1998).Conflict at Southwest Airlines challenges employees to research issues in greater detail, are able to learn more about issues, and enhance the openness for change and new innovations. Southwest also believes functional accountability leads to finger pointing between departments. Therefore, they utilize team metrics rather than functional metrics. Another example of how this company turns conflict into positive group communication (Smith, 2004) Conclusion In conclusion Southwest Airlines founder Herb Kelleher has done an excellent job at combining humor, altruism, and love.He created a positive culture and focused on people as people and identifying them as valuable assets to the company, thus making their organization and its employees more effective. The corporate culture he created is the glue that holds Southwest together (Smith, 2004), and Mr. Kelleher has been pivotal in crafting one of the most distinctive organizational cultures in United States today (Quick, 1992). Southwest airline treats their employees the way they want them to treat their customers.
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